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There are five obligatory acts of worship that all able Muslims must do. This list comes from Hadith;
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles): to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), to offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly, to pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity), to perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca), to observe fast during the month of Ramadan.
The Shahada is a proclamation of one's belief in the primary beliefs of Islam; that Allah is One, and that 𝑃 Muhammad 𝑠𝑎𝑤 is His messenger. The Shahada must be believed in and said to become a Muslim.
The shahada is as follows:
لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله
lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh
"There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."
The Shahada can also be prefaced with "Ashhadu", meaning "I bear witness":
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ
ašhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾilla -llāhu, wa-ʾašhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu -llāh
"I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God."
The literal meaning of the word shahada is testimony. The name comes from one testifying their belief in Allah and His messenger. According to Hadeeth {Abi Dawud, 3116}, 'If anyone's last words are "There is no god but Allah" he will enter Paradise.' Reciting the Shahada to become Muslim removes all sins from a person, giving them a clean slate, unless they revert to their old ways, as in The Quran {Surah Al-Anfal; 8:38}.
Salah is the obligatory prayers all able Muslims must perform. There are 5 daily obligatory prayers in Islam, each with its set time in which it must be performed.
Zakat is an obligatory act of charity on all able Muslims. This money may be used for the upkeep (or creation) of mosques, or donated to the needy. Zakat should be distributed in the community it was taken from. The literal meaning of zakat is 'to purify'. 1/40 or 2.5% of one's savings (savings are the wealth one had throughout a lunar year) must be paid in Zakat, if the value of the savings is above the minimum threshold known as Nisab. The value for Nisab for modern currencies is usually calculated according to the currency's gold buying power; the nisab for gold is approximately 85 grams (20 Dirham coins; a Dirham is a gold coin weighing 4.25 grams).
Zakat is not the only form of charity a Muslim can give. Voluntary charity, or Sadaqah, is
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hajj
Fajr must be performed after the start of the pre-dawn (when the sky begins to get brighter) and before sunrise (when the sun starts rising above the horizon); Dhuhr must be performed after solar noon (when the sun has reached its highest point in the sky) and before Asr; Asr must be performed after the length of a shadow is equal to the hight of the object which cast it and before the start of Maghrib; Maghrib must be performed after the sun sets (completely under the horizon) and before the start of Isha; Isha must be performed after the night sky is completely dark (no light from the sun, or redness in the west) and before midnight.