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يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَـٰلًۢا بَعِيدًا ١٣٦
[136] O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray. An-Nisa 4:36
... فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ 'مَا الإِيمَانُ' قَالَ "الإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَبِلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ، وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ"...
... Gabriel came and asked, 'What is Imaan [faith]?' (Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)) replied, "Imaan [faith] is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection."... Al Bukhari 50
From the above verse and hadith, there are six primary beliefs that constitute Imaan:
Belief in Allah, His sovereignty, and His Oneness;
Belief in the existence of Angels;
Belief in the Revelations;
Belief in the Prophets and Messengers;
Belief in the Final Day/Day of Judgement;
Belief in Divine Decree.
Believing in these 6 as fact is required to be a believer, or Mu'min.
A believer must fully believe in the existence of a singular God, who created the heavens and the Earth and all that is in between, and who has full control and final say on all matters. These beliefs are extracted from various ayahs (verses) from the Quran.
The Oneness of Allah:
قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ١ ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ ٢ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ٣ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌۢ ٤
[1] Say: He is Allah, the One! [2] Allah, the eternally Besought of all! [3] He begetteth not nor was begotten. [4] And there is none comparable unto Him. Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4
لَّا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَـٰهًا ءَاخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًۭا مَّخْذُولًۭا ٢٢
[22] Set not up with Allah any other god (O man) lest thou sit down reproved, forsaken. Al-Isra 17:22